Dynamic evolution and energy transfer of toroidal energy transfer vortex in a vortex pump

Vortex pumps are widely used in wastewater treatment, food processing, and the chemical industry. In this study, combined experimental and numerical approaches employing the rigid vorticity method were used to investigate vortex structures and flow characteristics within the pump chamber. Quantitative analyses based on velocity moment, entropy production, and energy distribution were conducted to elucidate the evolution of flow and energy transfer. Results indicate that the run-through flow region sustains high-speed flow, whereas the circulating flow region generates the toroidal energy transfer vortex (TETV). Within the circulating flow region, the TETV in the circulating region regulates flow direction and enhances rotational energy transfer but increases localized energy dissipation. Furthermore, the run-through flow region is characterized by periodic vortex dynamics, while the TETV demonstrates pronounced stability. Analysis of the rigid vorticity transport equation underscores the critical roles of the curl and Coriolis terms in TETV transport. These findings enhance understanding of flow phenomena and energy distribution in vortex pumps, and provide a theoretical support for improving energy efficiency in fluid transport systems.