Integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and lipidomics to reveal the regulatory effect of Qingxuan Zhike granules on lipid metabolism in lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury

Qingxuan Zhike granules (QXZKG), a traditional Chinese patent medication, has shown therapeutic potential against acute lung injury (ALI). However, the precise mechanism underlying its lung-protective effects requires further investigation. In this study, integrated network pharmacology, molecular docking, and lipidomics were used to elucidate QXZKG's regulatory effect on lipid metabolism in lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI. Animal experiments were conducted to substantiate the efficacy of QXZKG in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigating pulmonary pathology. Network pharmacology analysis identified 145 active compounds that directly targeted 119 primary targets of QXZKG against ALI. Gene Ontology function analysis emphasized the roles of lipid metabolism and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade as crucial biological processes. The MAPK1 protein exhibited promising affinities for naringenin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Lipidomic analysis revealed that 12 lipids showed significant restoration following QXZKG treatment (p < 0.05, FC >1.2 or <0.83). Specifically, DG 38:4, DG 40:7, PC O-40:8, TG 18:1_18:3_22:6, PI 18:2_20:4, FA 16:3, FA 20:3, FA 20:4, FA 22:5, and FA 24:5 were downregulated, while Cer 18:0;2O/24:0 and SM 36:1;2O/34:5 were upregulated in the QXZKG versus model groups. This study enhances our understanding of the active compounds and targets of QXZKG, as well as the potential of lipid metabolism in the treatment of ALI.