Introducing IOS11 as an extended interactive version of the ‘Inclusion of Other in the Self’ scale to estimate relationship closeness

Abstract The study of relationship closeness has a long history in psychology and is currently expanding across the social sciences, including economics. Estimating relationship closeness requires appropriate tools. Here, we introduce and test a tool for estimating relationship closeness: ‘IOS 11 ’. The IOS 11 scale has an 11-point response scale and is a refinement of the widely used Inclusion-of-Other-in-the-Self scale. Our tool has three key features. First, the IOS 11 scale is easy to understand and administer. Second, we provide a portable, interactive interface for the IOS 11 scale, which can be used in lab and online studies. Third, and crucially, based on within-participant correlations of 751 individuals, we demonstrate strong validity of the IOS 11 scale in terms of representing features of relationships captured by a range of more complex survey instruments. Based on these correlations we find that the IOS 11 scale outperforms the IOS scale and performs as well as the related Oneness scale.