Hierarchical optimal scheduling method for regional integrated energy systems considering electricity-hydrogen shared energy

Shared energy storage is widely recognized as an energy hub for the coordinated operation of regional integrated energy systems (RIESs). Multi-energy systems (MESs) share centralized energy storage to store excess renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper proposes a novel energy-sharing framework considering hydrogen trading, which is suitable for residential, industrial, and commercial RIES structures. Shared energy storage operator (SESO) promotes hydrogen energy transactions by formulating time-of-use (TOU) hydrogen prices. The proposed hydrogen energy trading method can be regarded as a master-client structure, and a hierarchical optimal scheduling method based on the Stackelberg game relationship is designed. Finally, a case study is performed based on an optimal scheduling algorithm combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The cases show the electricity‑hydrogen shared energy storage mechanism in RIESs can improve the RESs utilization rate and effectively reduce the operating costs of each system. Moreover, compared with RIESs with a single centralized electric energy storage, the TOU hydrogen price mechanism can further lower the energy prices and improve the economy of the RIES. The cases show that hydrogen energy sharing reduces the operating cost of RIES by 9.96% and increases the regional energy utilization rate by 2.97%. And the shared energy storage business model can satisfy the economy of both SESO and RIES. It confirms the rationality of the electric hydrogen shared energy storage project.