Biological treatment for removal of organic material and ammonium from leachate at low temperatures

The biological anaerobic-aerobic treatment of medium- strength municipal landfill leachate (COD (chemical oxygen demand) 1500 to 3200 mg 1 -1 ; BOD 7 (biological oxygen demand) 1200 to 1900 mg 1 -1 ; NH 4 -N 80 to 270 mg 1 -1 ) was studied by usmg a pilot-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor (13 to 28°C) and laboratory-scale activated sludge reactors (5 to 11°C). In the sequential process, 80 to 90% COD removal was achieved with an effluent COD of 250 to 350 mg 1 -1 and a BOD 7 of <10 mg 1 -1 . Most of the organic material was removed during anaerobic pretreatment, and more than 50% COD removal was obtained at 13°C. The aerobic stage served as an ammonium removal and a polishing step. More than 90% of ammonium was efficiently removed by nitrification even at 5°C. The anaerobic- aerobic treatment produced effluent fulfilling the official requirements. Furthermore, the sequential process seems sustainable and cost effective for leachate treatment at low temperatures. Based on a preliminary design, leachate treatment costs were estimated at 3.1 to 3.3 EUR m -3 in the sequential process. This compares with the option of discharging leachates into a sewer system. Both the discharge fee and the construction and operational costs of a transfer sewer are considered.