Mesoporous hollow Fe3O4 nanoparticles regulate the behavior of neuro-associated cells through induction of macrophage polarization in an alternating magnetic field

, upregulate the expression of related genes and cytokines, and further promote the proliferation of neural stem cells and the subsequent migration of vascular endothelial cells. These effects were significantly enhanced after the application of an AMF. This work also showed that the internalization of particles is the starting point for polarization regulation.