Acrylamide and Glycidamide Hemoglobin Adduct Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Japanese Women: A Nested Case–Control Study in the JPHC

It is unlikely that AA increases breast cancer risk; however, the association of AA with breast cancer may need to be evaluated, with a focus not only on the absolute amount of HbAA or HbGA but also on HbGA/HbAA and the activity of metabolic genes.