瓶装水
人类健康
水质
环境科学
环境化学
总溶解固体
环境工程
化学
环境卫生
生态学
生物
医学
作者
S. Manoj,Mariappan Rinisha Kartheeshwari,Lingaiah Keerthan,L. Elango
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106052
摘要
Bottled drinking water (BDW) has emerged as the preferred and perceived healthier option for water consumption in the past two decades, even in developing nations. This study aims to assess the baseline levels of dissolved ions in BDW, compares them to drinking water standards, and proposes the optimal minimum ion concentrations. About 30 random BDW samples from densely populated cities in India were collected and analysed for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations and anions. The maximum and average concentrations of TDS and other dissolved major ions in BDW do not exceed the BIS, WHO, USEPA, and EU standards. Through adherence to food-related norms and human health requirements, this research establishes the minimum optimal concentration of major ions in BDW. In this study, the emphasis on importance of water quality shifts from pesticides and emerging contaminants to a focus on the necessary ion concentrations required in drinking water.
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