Emerging Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Plants

Reversible protein phosphorylation, known as the "switch" of the cell, is controlled by protein kinases (PKs) and protein phosphatases (PPs). Based on substrate specificity, PPs are classified into protein serine/threonine phosphatases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs can dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine. In plants, PTPs monitor plant physiology, growth, and development. This review summarizes an overview of the PTPs' classification and describes how PTPs regulate various plant processes, including plant growth and development, plant hormone responses, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Then, future research directions on the PTP family in plants are discussed. This summary will serve as a reference for researchers studying PTPs in plants.