Removal of arsenic by magnetic biochar prepared from pinewood and natural hematite

There is a need for the development of low-cost adsorbents to removal arsenic (As) from aqueous solutions. In this work, a magnetic biochar was synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of naturally-occurring hematite mineral and pinewood biomass. The resulting biochar composite was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). In comparison to the unmodified biochar, the hematite modified biochar not only had stronger magnetic property but also showed much greater ability to remove As from aqueous solution, likely because the γ-Fe2O3 particles on the carbon surface served as sorption sites through electrostatic interactions. Because the magnetized biochar can be easily isolated and removed with external magnets, it can be used in various As contaminant removal applications.