Tunable naphthalimide-based fluorogenic intracellular nanoaggregates trigger ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Naphthalimide homodimers with tailored linkers control aggregation in cells. Amino acid-linked dimers show strong intracellular aggregation, enhanced emission, ROS generation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and potent anticancer activity against TNBC.