Pharmacological management of systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease

Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major cause of disease-related morbidity and one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Many patients will be diagnosed with SSc before the emergence of clinically meaningful ILD. Screening and early recognition of SSc-ILD allows prompt intervention and improved clinical outcomes. In recent years, clinical trial data from large well-designed randomized controlled trials have greatly enhanced our understanding of the natural history of SSc-ILD and risk factors for progressive disease. These advances have led to the emergence of treatment paradigms designed to address the management of both established and subclinical disease.Areas covered The present review shall consider the findings of recent trials and implications for modern pharmacological management of SSc-ILD. Where relevant, knowledge gaps shall be highlighted to outline the potential focus of additional research in this field.Expert opinion Recent clinical trial data have confirmed beyond doubt the value of immunomodulatory treatment in SSc-ILD, and it is expected this shall translate into improved clinical outcomes in SSc-ILD. We need better methods of cohort enrichment for SSc-ILD clinical trials, and biomarker discovery may establish molecular signatures allowing more personalized approaches to SSc-ILD prevention and management.