Oxidative modifications of cerebral transthyretin are associated with multiple sclerosis

Transthyretin ( TTR ) is a homotetrameric protein of the CNS that plays a role of as the major thyroxine ( T 4) carrier from blood to cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ). T 4 physiologically helps oligodendrocyte precursor cells to turn into myelinating oligodendrocytes, enhancing remyelination after myelin sheet damage. We investigated post‐translational oxidative modifications of serum and CSF TTR in multiple sclerosis subjects, highlighting high levels of S ‐sulfhydration and S ‐sulfonation of cysteine in position ten only in the cerebral TTR , which correlate with an anomalous TTR protein folding as well as with disease duration. Moreover, we found low levels of free T 4 in CSF of multiple sclerosis patients, suggestive of a potential role of these modifications in T 4 transport into the brain.