Biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composites for biomedical implants: synthesis, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior – a review

The current medical implants are being developed using materials like Co-Cr, stainless steel, and titanium alloys. These conventional implant materials induce a stress shield effect and toxic ions for many medical implant conditions. This leads to secondary operations, which are done to remove the implant. Many researchers have proposed a biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composite (Mg-MMC) as an implant material to prevent secondary operations. Magnesium composites are subjected to different engineering approaches such as reinforcing elements, surface treatment, and changing synthesis processes to increase their biocompatibility and mechanical properties. In this context, this review article summaries the influence of various reinforcing materials' reactions with matrix and synthesis processes on the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion behavior of biodegradable magnesium matrix composites. This paper aims to provide academicians, industry personnel, and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of biodegradable Mg-MMC used in biomedical implants.