Abstract Based on the contradiction between urbanization and ecological environment in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt, and the related researches are few, this paper uses the coupling coordination model to calculate the coupling degree of urbanization and ecological environment in China’s Yangtze River economy from 2010 to 2016, supplementing existing literature with new research objects and complete indicator system. It is found that the coordination degree between the two systems in the region keeps rising, and the value in the eastern region is greater than the value in the central and western regions.