Multicolor tunable highly luminescent carbon dots for remote force measurement and white light emitting diodes

Multicolor tunable carbon dots (CDs) are obtained by only altering the reaction solvents in solvothermal treatment. The red CDs (R-CDs) have a quantum yield of 50.8%, the highest reported for nitrogen and sulfur co-doped R-CDs so far. These CDs are developed into fluorescent hydrogels for precise remote force measurement and WLEDs with the CIE color coordinate of (0.31, 0.32).