Energy transfer upconversion in Gd3Ga5O12:Pr3+

Excitation of Pr 3+ -doped Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 crystals at 580 nm ( 1 D 2 from 3 H 4 ) produces fluorescence at 486 nm ( 3 P 0 to 3 H 4 ) which is attributed to upconversion from interacting Pr 3+ ions. Based on an analysis of the lifetimes of the levels 3 P 0 , 1 D 2 and the induced fluorescence ( 3 P 0 to 3 H 4 ). The authors conclude that the mechanism responsible for the upconversion process is energy transfer. This mechanism arises from excitation annihilation involving pairs of ions in the 3 H 6 and 1 D 2 levels.