Morphometry of the Bony Orbit and Periorbital Structures: Personal Perspectives From Decades of Related Research

The author introduces his personal perspectives on the bony orbit, nerves, arteries, and ligaments relating to orbital re- construction surgery. A supraorbital fissure was 40.0 ± 2.5 mm from the supraorbital notch. Posterior ethmoidal foramen was 31.7 ± 3.0 mm from the anterior lacrimal crest. The infraorbital fissure, where the infraorbital groove started, was 26.4 ± 2.6 mm from the infraorbital foramen. The supraorbital fissure was 34.3 ± 2.7 mm from the frontozygomatic suture. The medial palpebral ligament consisted of 2 layers. The superficial layer of the palpebral ligament (SMPL) was from the anterior lacrimal crest to the upper and lower tarsal plates. The deep layer of the palpebral ligament (DMPL) lay from the anterior lacrimal crest to the posterior lacrimal crest, covering the lacrimal sac. Horner muscle was at the posterior lacrimal crest just lateral to the attachment of the DLPL and ran laterally to the tarsal plate deep to the SLPL. Three components of the lateral canthal area are: (1) lateral palpebral raphe, (2) superficial lateral palpebral ligament (SLPL), and (3) deep lateral palpebral ligament (DLPL). The lateral ends of superior and inferior orbicularis oculi muscles interlaced at the lateral commissure and formed the lateral palpebral raphe. The superficial lateral palpebral ligament extended from the lateral ends of the tarsal plate to the periosteum of the lateral orbital rim. The lateral palpebral ligament extended from the lateral ends of the tarsal plate deep to the origin of SLPL to the Whitnall tu- bercle on the zygomatic bone. The palpebral branch of the in- fraorbital artery emerged from the infraorbital foramen and ran superior and lateral to the orbital septum. After passing through the orbital septum, distributed to the orbital fat.