Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

The lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have attracted great attention all over the world for meeting the requirements of environmental protection and sustainable development of human society in recent years. Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics not only have satisfactory piezoelectric properties, but also contain no lead and have good environmental compatibility. The compelling physical properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were highlighted and their state-of-the-art progress was summarized. The unique advances in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, along with the main physical mechanisms of high piezoelectricity, including phase boundaries, domain configurations, and grain size effects, were also summarized. In particular, the applications of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were introduced and evaluated. Finally, challenge and perspective are featured on the basis of their current developments.