Thermogenesis dynamics and influenza A virus: unveiling the intriguing interplay

Maintaining body temperature is critical, with brown adipose tissue (BAT) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) activation playing pivotal roles in heat generation and metabolism. Modulating thermoregulation pathways in BAT can help alleviate fever, enhance metabolic well-being, and boost immune function during viral infections such as influenza A. This review explores the intricate link between thermogenesis and influenza A virus (IAV), highlighting how IAV impacts body temperature regulation and immune responses. Mitochondria's functions in energy production, heat generation, and UCP1-mediated thermogenesis underscore their significance in regulating body temperature, metabolic rate, and responsiveness to environmental cues like cold exposure. Understanding the interplay among mitochondria, UCP1, and thermoregulation offers insights for potential therapeutic interventions in managing IAV infections. The regulatory mechanisms governing thermogenesis influence adipose tissue thermogenesis through various pathways, affecting body temperature and metabolic functions. Additionally, the review underscores potential therapeutic targets within thermogenesis pathways associated with IAV infection and their regulatory mechanisms to improve prevention and treatment strategies. This review underscores the pivotal role of thermogenesis and mitochondrial function in the host's response to IAV infections, emphasizing the need for further research to enhance management strategies.