Nanomaterials for Neurological Disorders: A contemporary perspective of present and future possibilities for cure

Neurological disorders (NDs) pose a significant global health burden, contributing to high mortality rates. They impact both the central and peripheral nervous systems, including structures such as the brain, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, and muscles. Common examples include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, as well as brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and neuroinfections. One of the key challenges in treating NDs is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the transport of therapeutic agents into the brain. Improving drug effectiveness and bypassing the BBB are essential for successful treatment. Nanomaterials have emerged as a promising approach in this regard, offering enhanced drug stability, targeted delivery, and reduced toxicity. A wide range of nanomaterials—including quantum dots, dendrimers, metal and polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and micelles—are being explored for the treatment of NDs. These materials are valued for their sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB, making them suitable for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This note provides an overview of the nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategies.