Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing colonic resection for locally advanced nonmetastatic colon cancer: A nationwide propensity score matched cohort study

Abstract Aim Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for nonmetastatic colon cancer is not routinely used, and is currently only recommended as a treatment option for a subgroup of patients with T4b colon cancers in clinical guidelines. However, NCT may cause downstaging of the tumour, increase resectability, eradicate micrometastases and thereby improve long‐term outcomes for patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the short‐term postoperative outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) receiving NCT. Method Using the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group Database, data were retrieved on patients diagnosed with LACC (defined as clinical T3 with extramural tumour invasion >5 mm or T4) and treated with resection with a curative intent between 2015 and 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) in a 1:1 ratio was performed to compare short‐term surgical and oncological outcomes in patients receiving NCT with patients operated on without receiving NCT. Results A total of 179 LACC patients were treated with NCT and 1131 were not. After PSM, 145 patients remained in each group. We found no significant differences in any short‐term postoperative outcomes between the two groups. We found significant differences in favour of NCT regarding radicality and pathological N category [86% vs. 81% R0 ( P = 0.029) and 51% vs. 46% pN0 ( P = 0.017), respectively]. Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for LACC does not result in worse short‐term postoperative outcomes and may increase the R0 rate as well as node‐negative disease. Results on long‐term benefits including survival are awaited from several ongoing randomized controlled trials.