Emerging graphene and carbon nanotube-based carbon composites as radiations shielding materials for X-rays and gamma rays: a review

The conventional X-ray radiation shielding materials are based on the concept of high density and macro/micro-sized particles. In recent years, new carbon composites containing CNT and Graphene played a significant role as radiation shielding materials. The present review highlights the potential of these emerging graphene and CNT-based carbon composites as radiation shielding materials for ionizing radiation, namely X-rays and Gamma rays. The unique structural beauties of these materials are effectively used for developing advanced radiation shielding materials. The multi-phases, multicomponent composites with high interfaces showed greater effectiveness in shielding ionization radiation. This review article endows a pervasive overview of shielding potential against ionizing radiation by graphene and CNT-based composites. We have dedicated a separate section to studying the unique structural features of Graphene and CNT. Additionally, we summarize the conclusion for developing these CNT and graphene-based materials with a future outlook. The review will open a broader horizon for researchers to approach more modified processing by simultaneously and synergistically chemical reactions. Highly effective outcome results have confirmed an increased efficiency of X-ray shielding of graphene sheet added PVDF polymer-based nanocomposites. We believe this review article renders a significant opening for researchers, providing an overview of synthesis methods of various radiation shielding materials using CNT and graphene.