A battery equivalent-circuit model and an advanced technique for parameter estimation

This paper presents an electrical battery model that can be used for dynamic simulations of both stationary and distributed energy storage systems, such as storage plants or electric vehicles. Although the model has been validated for lead-acid and lithium batteries, it can be easily adapted to other battery chemistries as well. The parameters can be extracted from simple measurement sets. The model provides several operational variables, such as state of charge, terminal voltage, open circuit voltage, as well as five internal parameters, including the internal resistance. In this paper, the model structure and parameters extraction are explained in detail. The batteries under test are a 12 V Lead-Acid and a 3.75 V Lithium. Parameters are extracted from experimental measurements and the model is validated by superimposing measured and simulated waveforms.