Tensile and fatigue properties of 3D orthogonal glass fabric/epoxy composites sprayed with nano-titanium dioxide

In the context of global efforts toward carbon neutrality and lightweighting, advanced composite materials are in urgent demand. The fiber/matrix interface, as a critical factor determining the overall performance of composites, the interfacial characteristics of the fiber/matrix affect the performance of composite materials, has thus become a focal point of research. To improve the performance of the fiber/matrix interface, this study examines the influence of nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) surface modification on the tensile and fatigue properties of Three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal glass fiber/epoxy composites. Quasi-static and fatigue tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of unmodified and modified specimens along 0°, 45°, and 90° directions. Results indicate that TiO 2 modification significantly improves resistance to matrix cracking, fiber breakage, and delamination. The application of nano-TiO 2 coating on 3D orthogonal glass fiber/epoxy composites provides preliminary experimental data and theoretical insights for optimizing tensile and fatigue performance, offering a potential strategy to enhance fatigue resistance in advanced composite materials.