Sexual hormone and gender-related difference of arrhythmia in long QT syndrome

There are many gender-related differences in human cardiac electrophysiology.In long QT syndromes(LQTs),women are at higher risk for developing torsade de pointes(TdP).There is increasing evidence that sexual hormone may be a contributory factor of these differences.In this review,the gender-related differences in arrhythmia of LQTs and in cardiac electrophysiology have been summarized.To unravel the mechanisms,the effect of sexual hormone on cardiac electrophysiology has also been compared.