Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiometabolic disorders – Is there an association?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a cardio-metabolic disorder. The purpose was to establish the prediction of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MS) and diabetes mellitus between patients with OSA. We examined the records of 755 patients reffering to our Sleep Laboratory Center, 2011-2014, to have nocturnal cardio-respiratory poligraphy for the evaluation of OSA.Including criteria was cut-off value of ≥15 events/h according to Apnea Hypopnea Index(AHI).66.56% patients had severe OSA (≥30 events/h); 62.57% patients had hypertension, 67.80% had MS and 43.70% had diabetus mellitus. The average of: apnea hypopnea index was 48.65±17.84; SpO2 average was 90.57±3.19;lowest SpO2 was 74.20±13.82;body mass index was 36.41±7.26.Univariate analysis retains: ischemic cardiopathy (p<0.01); snoring (p=0.02);restless sleep (p=0.02). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis reveals statistical significance for: age (p<0.01, AUC=0.69), neck circumference (p<0.01, AUC=0.67), abdominal circumference (p<0.01, AUC=0.70), BMI (p<0.01, AUC=0.70), glycemia (p<0.001, AUC=0.58), medium O2 saturation (p<0.01, AUC=0.70), oxygen desaturation index (p<0.01, AUC=0.63) and ESS (p=0.02, AUC=0.58). We found a statistically significant association between MS, diabetes mellitus and OSA severity p<0.0001,p=0.035.MS and type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequent between patients with obstructive sleep apnea, especially in moderate and severe forms of OSA. An increase in age by 10 years would entail the risk of hypertension by 6.8%. An increase of BMI by 1kg/m² would entail the risk of hypertension by 2.8%. An increase of 1 cm neck circumference would entail the risk of hypertension by 0.85%.