Luminescence coupling in 28.4%-efficient tandem solar cell utilizing 20.8%-efficient perovskite minimodule stacked on silicon cell

The total power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.4% with an aperture area of 64 cm2 on a four-terminal (4T) tandem solar cell with a 20.8% efficiency-semitransparent perovskite module (SPM) with a series interconnection structure and a conventional passivated emitter and rear cell type crystalline silicon solar cell is independently confirmed. This is the independently confirmed record PCE of a 4T perovskite and crystalline silicon tandem solar cell with a structure having the same active area for both top and bottom cells. The impact of the luminescence coupling monitored by the silicon solar cell in the 4T tandem solar cell was investigated based on electrical properties of the top SPM analyzed by a simple one-diode equivalent circuit model.