Luminescent characteristics at ∼2.9 μm in Lu3+ modified Dy3+/Tm3+ co-doped LiYF4 single crystal

The single crystals specimens comprising 0.3 mol% Dy3+, 0.5 mol% Tm3+ and γ mol% Lu3+ doped LiYF4 (γ = 0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.5) were meticulously synthesized using the Bridgman method, with the specific aim of catering to applications in the ∼2.9 μm laser domain. The microstructure of the obtained single crystal was investigated by conducting X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters of the Dy3+ ion and the impacts of Lu3+ doping on fluorescence characteristics of the 6H13/2 (Dy3+) level were studied. The Dy3+/Tm3+ doped LiYF4 single crystal exhibits ∼52 % enhancement in emission intensity at ∼2.9 μm (Dy3+: 6H13/2→6H15/2) through a favorable introduction of Lu3+ ions into the single crystal at 808 nm LD excitation. The Tm3+/Dy3+/Lu3+ triply doped single crystal exhibited a maximum emission cross section of 2.480 × 10−20 cm2 at 2904 nm. The fluorescent lifetimes of the Dy3+: 6H13/2 level in the single crystals were determined to be located in the range of 2.78 ms–3.33 ms. The microscopic mechanism of energy transfer (ET) between Tm3+ and Dy3+ ions were investigated and the ET coefficients from 3H4 level of Tm3+ ion to 6F5/2 of Dy3+ ion (ET1) and 3F4 of Tm3+ to 6H11/2 of Dy3+ (ET2) in the triply doped single crystal were calculated, yielding values of 3.422 × 10−39 cm6/s and 5.768 × 10−39 cm6/s, separately. The results clearly demonstrated that the mid-infrared luminescence at ∼2.9 μm from Dy3+ ions can be significantly enhanced by the strategic incorporation of appropriate Lu3+ ions into Tm3+/Dy3+: LiYF4 single crystal.