Comparison of Morphology, Component and Activity from Four Species of Sanghuangporus Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes)

Sanghuangporus is a precious genus of medicinal mushroom and internationally recognized as one of the best medicinal species for anti-cancer effects. In this study, the morphology, functional components and activities of four species Sanghuangporus were evaluated and analyzed. The thickness, color, ring lines and density of Sanghuangporus fruiting bodies parasitic on different species of trees had certain differences. The research result on nutritional components indicated that four species Sanghuangporus contained the same species of amino acids, but the contents were different. However different Sanghuangporus contained diverse species and contents of fatty acids and microelements. There was a characteristic nickel element in S. sanghuang. At the same time, only S. lonicericola and S. sanghuang contained antimony. In the results of functional components, the infrared spectra of different Sanghuangporus demonstrated high similarity, but there were differences in the species and content of functional groups, and the chemical composition and proportion of the four species also were extremely different. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS identified 72 characteristic compounds in the Sanghuangporus. S. lonicericola uniquely contained hydroxycitric acid, S. toxicodendri contained fisetin. S. sanghuang contained 6-hydroxypurine, D-raffinose and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. The results of antioxidant and hypoglycemic experiments exhibited that the four species of Sanghuangporus had different activity capacity. S. vaninii showed the highest antioxidant activity and could be used in the development of natural antioxidants. S. sanghuang had good hypoglycemic activity, which was more suitable for the development of hypoglycemic products. This survey provides the basis and theory for the study of the components and activities of different species of Sanghuangporus and contributes new resources to dietary supplement and medicine.