石墨氮化碳
氮化碳
光催化
材料科学
带隙
可见光谱
吸收边
聚合
分析化学(期刊)
分解水
光化学
化学
催化作用
聚合物
有机化学
复合材料
光电子学
作者
Ana Jorge Sobrido,David Martin,Mandeep T. S. Dhanoa,Aisha Rahman,Neel M. Makwana,Junwang Tang,Andrea Sella,Furio Corà,Steven Firth,Jawwad A. Darr,Paul F. McMillan
摘要
Graphitic carbon nitride compounds were prepared by thermal treatment of C–N–H precursor mixtures (melamine C3N6H9, dicyandiamide C2N4H4). This led to solids based on polymerized heptazine or triazine ring units linked by −N═ or −NH– groups. The H content decreased, and the C/N ratio varied between 0.59 and 0.70 with preparation temperatures between 550 and 650 °C due to increased layer condensation. The UV–vis spectra exhibited a strong π–π* transition near 400 nm with a semiconductor-like band edge extending into the visible range. Samples synthesized at 600–650 °C showed an additional absorption near 500 nm that is assigned to n−π* electronic transitions involving the N lone pairs. These are forbidden for planar symmetric s-triazine or heptazine structures but become allowed as increased condensation causes distortion of the polymeric units. Photocatalysis studies showed there was no correlation between the increased visible absorption due to this feature and H2 evolution from methanol used for the anodic reaction. In the absence of any cocatalyst the sample synthesized at 550 °C showed 1.5 μmol h–1 H2 evolution with UV–vis irradiation, but this dropped to ∼0.23 μmol h–1 when the UV spectrum was blocked. Use of a Pt cocatalyst was required to observe H2 evolution from the other samples. Using a more powerful (300 W) lamp led to higher H2 production rates (31.5 μmol h–1) with visible illumination. We suggest the distorted N sites caused by increased polymerization result in electron/hole traps that counter the photocatalytic efficiency. Issues concerning sample porosity are also present. Photocatalytic O2 evolution was determined for RuO2-coated samples using the 300 W lamp with aqueous AgNO3 solution as the sacrificial agent. The materials all showed production rates ∼9 μmol h–1. A highly crystalline compound containing polytriazine structural units ((C3N3)2(NH)3·LiCl) prepared in this study did not show measurable photocatalytic activity.
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