Nanotechnology and Computer Science: Trends and advances

Nanotechnology is the aptitude to perceive, measure, operate, and build materials at the nanometer scale, the size of atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology, is involved in many scientific and practical applications, including health, agriculture, electronic devices, computer science and many other fields. At the same time, computers play an essential role in simulating and analyzing the features of nanoparticles. The shrinking of electronic devices in due course will come to end, when the laws of physics avoid us from further diminishing the size of circuits. At any given time, the researchers will not be able to carry on with the current silicon processors, binaries and sequential. One of the most practical ways is to construct computers operating with radical difference: the quantum mechanics. The appearance of quantum computers will include a radical change in the hardware and software that we now know but will permit one to perform calculations that are unconceivable nowadays. Memory is employed as one of the main fragments in diverse circuits design, therefore the design and optimization of random-access memory (RAM) cells have become one of the greatest remarkable investigation regions in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) equipment. In this study, the researchers attempted to provide a systematic review of recent trends in the interaction between computer science and nanotechnology by highlighting two parallel axes, the first axis includes the use of nanotechnology in enhancing computer systems and devices, and the other one includes the role of computer science in promoting nanotechnology. Since the silicon technology is approaching its maximum capacity, which makes it essential to search for novel mechanisms that permit the production of nano-computers. Thus, this study confirms that computational nanotechnology is emerging as an essential engineering analysis tool for new device designs and modern applications.