Advances in Anode Materials for Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), unique biosystems that generate energy through exoelectrogens, have undergone significant development in the last decades. Although MFCs have great prospects in environmental protection and power generation, there are still problems of inefficiency and high cost, which are largely attributed to the low performance of anode materials used in MFCs because the anode plays a crucial role in MFCs as a carrier for microbial attachment. In the last few years, researchers have shown great interest in developing advanced anode materials to enhance the performance of MFCs. Herein, an overview of recent progress in the development of anode materials for MFCs is offered. In addition, novel anode modification strategies are summarized. Finally, challenges and development directions of next‐generation anode materials with the potential to finally enable the commercial application of MFCs are discussed.