In arid area, Populus euphratica is the only genuine forest ,vegetation is sparse at large ,since the water is rarely seen while evaporating significant as the dry area of the characteristics,existence of desert plants count for much to the conservation of ecosystem ,desert plants show specific characteristic ,In this article we study the feature of Populus euphratica in Tarim River and its regulation adapt to environment. Further come up with the possibility and measures to extend desert plants.