To know the ecosystem,enrich fungal diversity and preferably preserve microbial community diversity of Maolan Nature Reserve,in 2012,the ascomycota fungal diversity of Maolan Nature Reserve was investigated,110 specimens were collected and identified by combining morphological characteristics with molecular characteristics.The results showed that that the fungi mainly belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes,including 8 families,11 genera,12 species.