Effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of chitosan film

This study evaluated the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of clove essential oil (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 % v/v) nanoemulsion (CEON) loaded chitosan-based films. With the increasing concentrations of the CEON, the thickness, b* and ΔE values of the films increased significantly (P < 0.05), while L* and light transmission dropped noticeably (P < 0.05). The hydrogen bonds formed between the CEON and chitosan could be demonstrated through Fourier-transform infrared spectra, indicating their good compatibility and intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, the added CEON considerably reduced the crystallinity and resulted in a porous structure of the films, as observed through X-ray diffraction plots and scanning electron microscopy images, respectively. This eventually led to a drop in both tensile strength and moisture content of the films. Moreover, the antioxidant properties were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) with the increase in the amount of clove essential oil (CEO) due to the encapsulation of CEO by the nanoemulsion. Films containing 0.6 % CEO had higher elongation at break, higher water contact angle, lower water solubility, lower water vapor permeability, and lower oxygen permeability than the other films; therefore, such films are promising for application in meat preservation.