Investigation of light-emission and avalanche-current mechanisms in PureB SPAD devices

The light emission from silicon PureB photodiodes was investigated in both forward- and avalanchemode operation and correlated to the presence of process-dependent defects that influence the reverse IV characteristics. As opposed to "defect-free" diodes with low dark currents and abrupt breakdown behavior, the diodes with defects had higher current levels and light-emitting spots appearing at voltages far below the breakdown voltage otherwise set by the implemented doping profiles. The role of such defect-related behavior for the application of the photodiodes as single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and avalanche-mode light-emitting diodes (AMLEDs) is assessed in connection with the recent demonstration of these basic devices as both the light-emitting and light-detecting elements in optocoupler circuits integrated in CMOS for data transmission purposes.