On-off intermittency from a ring of four coupled PLLs

This paper investigates on-off intermittency from a ring of four coupled PLLs. We find some parameter values at which on-off intermittency occurs by calculating the transversal Lyapunov exponent, and demonstrate on-off intermittency both by computer simulation and electronic circuit experiment. From some facts, we elucidate that the intermittency observed at these parameter values is really on-off intermittency. Moreover, we clarify the generation mechanism of on-off intermittency geometrically by investigating bifurcations of the periodic orbits in the invariant manifold.