Over 10 attenuation length gigabits per second underwater wireless optical communication using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based receiver

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) will play an important role in the underwater environment exploration and marine resource development due to its advantages of high data rate and good mobility. However, the significant signal power attenuation in the underwater channel limits the transmission distance of UWOC. Attenuation length (AL) is widely used as an indicator for evaluating the UWOC system's long-distance transmission capability. At present, Gbps UWOC is limited within 7AL. Using a SiPM based receiver can dramatically increase the AL that UWOC can support. In this paper, a novel UWOC receiver built from an off-the-shelf SiPM has been demonstrated. The finite pulse width and limited bandwidth of SiPM limit the SiPM based UWOC system's data rate. To boost the system's data rate, an optimum method to process the SiPM's signal has therefore been investigated. Based on these methods, the communication capabilities of the SiPM based UWOC have been investigated experimentally. Results show that the SiPM based receiver can support 11.6AL without turbulence and 9.28AL within weak turbulence (scintillation index = 0.0447) at 1 Gbps.