Muscle fibers inspired electrospun nanostructures reinforced conductive fibers for smart wearable optoelectronics and energy generators

Bioinspired muscle fiber–based wearable electronics are a breakthrough in the production of lightweight, mechanically robust next-generation smart textiles. To meet the urgent demand for next generation wearable electronics, the use of interpenetrating reinforced conductive fibers produced through electrospinning is proposed herein. Strain-insensitive and mechanically robust electrospun reinforced conductive fiber (ERCF) electrodes (elongation of 711 % and toughness of 10.05 MJ m−3) contain compliant mechanical reinforcements and deeply adhered conductive silver nanoparticles led to durable wearable optoelectronics. An ambient condition processable and fully solution processable ERCFs exhibits strain-insensitive conductive electrical endurance presents robust hysteresis-free smart gloves and light-emitting electrochemical cells performances, establishing the wearable cognitive human–computer interfaces. A designed ERCF-based nanogenerator can yield outstanding piezoelectric voltage (29.5 V), current (0.39 μA), and power output (11.57 μW) values, surpassing the performance of expensive, toxic, non-biocompatible dopants and technologies requiring highly energy-intensive poling processes.