Status of inpatients with pediatric epilepsy in children’s hospitals in China (2016–2021)

Background: Pediatric epilepsy is the most common disease of pediatric neurological diseases in China. Current demographic characteristics and economic burdens are needed to guide public health policy. In this study, we provide the demographic characteristics and economic burden of pediatric epilepsy patients in China from 2016 to 2021, and describe the change trend and correlation of demographic characteristics and economic burden by province. Methods: Using data from the Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development, we conducted a demographic-based cross-sectional study of pediatric epilepsy patients in 29 children’s hospitals in China to assess changes in the distribution and economic burden over 6 years and related factors. We obtained per capita disposable income information from the Economic Statistical Bulletin of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the statistical bureaus of provincial administrative regions. Demographic, diagnostic classification proportion and distribution trends, and economic burden from 2016 to 2021 were verified for pediatric patients with epilepsy. Results: From 2016 to 2021, there were 149,375 patients diagnosed with epilepsy. The proportion of patients younger than 3 years decreased significantly from 51.13% to 29.43% (P=0.00853, R2=0.9803). The root-mean-square-error between the Inter-Provincial Visits Indexes decreased from 1.70 to 0.90, decreasing significantly (R2=0.8306). The disease burden decreased from 17.26% to 12.11% with a significant upward trend (P=0.02417, R2=0.8817). A negative correlation between disease burden and the Inter-Provincial Visits Index (P=0.0383) was observed, along with a positive correlation with the proportion of patients younger than 3 years old (P<0.0001). Conclusions: From 2016 to 2021, the proportion of young patients, population mobility and economic burden on patients decreased, and healthcare level of pediatric epilepsy improved. In addition, based on the current observations, the healthcare level of pediatric epilepsy in Western and Central China is lower than in other regions, and the economic burden on patients is higher than in other regions. In the future, these areas require higher priority concerning policy and financial support.