In conclusion, metabolites and microorganisms enriched in saline silage exert a positive influence on the metabolites and microorganisms in the rumen of Tibetan sheep. Additionally, the accumulation of phenolic compounds, glutamate, and lactic acid bacteria in saline-alkali land silage may lead to the decrease of histamine in the rumen of Tibetan sheep and is also the cause of the decrease in short-chain fatty acid levels in the rumen. Video Abstract.