Blind Quality Assessment Based on Pseudo-Reference Image

Traditional full-reference image quality assessment (IQA) metrics generally predict the quality of the distorted image by measuring its deviation from a perfect quality image called reference image. When the reference image is not fully available, the reduced-reference and no-reference IQA metrics may still be able to derive some characteristics of the perfect quality images, and then measure the distorted image's deviation from these characteristics. In this paper, contrary to the conventional IQA metrics, we utilize a new "reference" called pseudo-reference image (PRI) and a PRI-based blind IQA (BIQA) framework. Different from a traditional reference image, which is assumed to have a perfect quality, PRI is generated from the distorted image and is assumed to suffer from the severest distortion for a given application. Based on the PRI-based BIQA framework, we develop distortion-specific metrics to estimate blockiness, sharpness, and noisiness. The PRI-based metrics calculate the similarity between the distorted image's and the PRI's structures. An image suffering from severer distortion has a higher degree of similarity with the corresponding PRI. Through a two-stage quality regression after a distortion identification framework, we then integrate the PRI-based distortion-specific metrics into a general-purpose BIQA method named blind PRI-based (BPRI) metric. The BPRI metric is opinion-unaware (OU) and almost training-free except for the distortion identification process. Comparative studies on five large IQA databases show that the proposed BPRI model is comparable to the state-of-the-art opinion-aware- and OU-BIQA models. Furthermore, BPRI not only performs well on natural scene images, but also is applicable to screen content images. The MATLAB source code of BPRI and other PRI-based distortion-specific metrics will be publicly available.