Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization: A Paradigm Shift in Approach of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is commonly seen in the aged population. It is hypothesized to occur due to damage to the dural border cells, resulting in an inflammation-proliferation reaction. Inadequate repair leads to the formation of an external layer of cells and fragile capillaries, which are vulnerable to damage, contributing to worsening of the condition. Conventionally, asymptomatic chronic SDH was managed by observation, while symptomatic cases by surgical evacuation. However, the recurrence rate of chronic SDH after surgical evacuation was high. The middle meningeal artery (MMA) provides blood supply to the dura mater and feeds the capillaries of the membranes covering the SDH. MMA embolization blocks blood flow to this system and promotes hematoma resolution. In this manuscript, we discuss the underlying pathophysiology and current management options for chronic SDH. We also discuss the existing literature on MMA embolization.