Magnetron Sputtering Dual‐Ion Sequential Release Coating on PET Artificial Ligament Promotes Vascular Nerve Regeneration and Graft‐Bone Integration

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in sports have become increasingly prevalent, leading to the widespread adoption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligaments for ACL reconstruction due to their superior mechanical properties. However, the bio‐inertness of PET presents a significant challenge to graft‐bone integration, necessitating the enhancement of PET surface bioactivity. This study employed magnetron sputtering and hydrogel coating techniques to introduce strontium calcium‐phosphorus, and magnesium ions onto the surface of PET ligaments, achieving the sequential release of Mg, and Sr ions. The scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the uniformity and stability of the modified PET ligament surface material. The synergistic effect of sequential release from Mg/Sr‐PET has effectively promoted osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuronal differentiation in vitro. Moreover, in the reconstructed ACL model using Sprague‐Dawley rats, the histological staining, micro‐computed tomography, and biomechanical test results indicated that the Mg/Sr‐PET group notably stimulated blood vessel and nerve formation, demonstrating remarkable bone regrowth promotion. In conclusion, the sequential release and synergistic effect of magnesium and strontium ions significantly enhanced graft‐bone integration and accelerated rapid healing, offering valuable insights for improving clinical ACL reconstruction outcomes.