Performance Analysis of Methanol- Ethanol Blend Fuel in a Spark-Ignition Flex-Fuel Engine

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Flex-fueled vehicles (FFV) dominate the Brazilian market, accounting for over 75% of the national fleet. Ethanol fuel is widely used, primarily in the form of hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel (HEAF). Given the similar physicochemical properties of ethanol and methanol, fuel adulteration is a growing concern, often involving the addition of anhydrous ethanol, methanol, or even water to hydrated ethanol. These adulterants are visually imperceptible and can only be detected through analyses conducted by regulatory agencies using specialized instruments. However, they can significantly affect vehicle performance and accelerate engine component deterioration. The experiment was performed with a small displacement 3-cylinder port fuel injection flex-fuel engine on an engine test bench (dynamometer) and compared when fueled with ethanol and methanol. Data acquisition included combustion pressure, spark plug temperature, torque, air-fuel ratio, fuel flow, spark maps, and the overall effects of methanol adulteration on combustion. The results indicate that engines designed and calibrated to operate with hydrated ethanol exhibit different combustion behaviors when methanol is present in the fuel mixture. Methanol increases combustion pressure and temperature inside the chamber, creating a highly corrosive environment due to both the elevated temperature and the chemical properties of methanol. Fuel consumption increased when methanol was used in the engine calibrated for ethanol. The findings highlight the potential risks associated with fuel adulteration, emphasizing its impact on engine durability, vehicle fuel economy, and maintenance costs.</div> </div>