Photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction on the earth.The emergence and development of human society would not exist without photosynthesis.Photosynthesis is the material basis of crop yield formation,and how to make the most of solar energy for photosynthesis is the fundamental problem in agricultural production.The authors briefly analyzed the relationship of photosynthesis and agricultural production from the light energy utilization efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency of crop,the regulations of photosynthesis process and its operation,the tendency of agricultural development and high photosynthetic efficiency of crop to provide some beneficial thoughts for the future related research.