Design of a novel low-magnetic and Singularity-free electric heater for atomic Co-magnetometers

Abstract To address the challenges of thermomagnetic coupling during the heating process of Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free atomic co-magnetometers (ACMs), this paper proposes a novel design methodology for a low-magnetic, Singularity-free electric heater. Based on the physical mechanism of suppressing magnetic field aggregation via an Singularity-free rounded-rectangle configuration, a magnetic field model with adaptive weights is developed. This model effectively resolves the issues of insufficient magnetic constraint capability and low modeling precision in complex systems. Furthermore, an Adaptive Hybrid-Information Differential Evolution Algorithm (AHDE) is introduced. By integrating a hybrid-information-driven mechanism with dynamic weights, the AHDE achieves precise optimization of the heater’s design parameters. Experimental results demonstrate that, under identical heating power, the magnetic suppression capability of the new heater structure is enhanced by 51.6% and 67.1%, respectively, compared to conventional designs. Concurrently, the sensitivity of the ACM is improved by 15.4% and 20.5%. These results prove that the Singularity-free electric heater effectively reduces and suppresses magnetic field generation, achieving an optimal balance between heating efficiency and magnetic interference mitigation.