Mixed tailing by TENT4A and TENT4B shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation

A tale of not-so-pure tails The poly(A) tail of mRNA has been thought to be a pure stretch of adenosine nucleotides with little informational content except for length. Lim et al. identified enzymes that can decorate poly(A) tails with non-A nucleotides. The noncanonical poly(A) polymerases, TENT4A and TENT4B, incorporate intermittent non-A residues (G, U, or C) with a preference for guanosine, which results in a heterogenous poly(A) tail. Deadenylases trim poly(A) tails to initiate mRNA degradation but stall at the non-A residues. In effect, the not-so-pure tail stabilizes mRNAs by slowing down deadenylation. Science , this issue p. 701