A comprehensive review of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) technology: Performance evaluation and contemporary development

The unceasing deterioration of the environment and the sharp rise in the price of conventional sources of energy led scientists to search for more resilient and long-lasting energy sources. As one of the numerous forms of renewable energy sources available, solar energy is the most cost-effective, clean, free, and environmentally friendly alternative. Photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) energy systems are becoming increasingly popular as they maximise the benefits of solar radiation, which generates electricity and heat at the same time. This paper elaborates on various aspects of PVT systems including the concept, material, and methods of review, classifications of PVT systems, air-type, water-type, PVT with nano-fluid applying a range of methodologies, and building-integrated PVT (BIPVT) systems. Based on existing literature, PVT systems are also compared in terms of performance parameters and improved efficiency. From the findings of various studies, an unglazed air collector is found to be better for improving thermal efficiency, also this PVT system is technically cheaper in terms of accounting. This study suggests that to decrease the cost and enhance the effectiveness of such systems further research is needed.